{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/financial-crisis-2008",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:financial-crisis-2008",
 "name": "Financial crisis 2008",
 "termCode": "financial-crisis-2008",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/financial-crisis-2008.md",
 "sha256": "2f8cd9d314a15c328c86356eacae5efb4d277ee43d7d4cd8c0c766e8f3925e73",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2010",
    "2010"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-002",
   "text": "The German ABCP conduit model, which financed long term American mortgage loans with short term paper and pocketed the spread, was profitable only for as long as new buyers for the short term paper could be found, so the model collapsed the moment institutional buyers withdrew.",
   "abstract": "A signifi- cant downside of this business model, however, was liquidity and re- sale risk—profiting through the spread only worked while the con- duit (i.e. Rhineland Funding) found buyers for the ABCP it issued",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "long term assets funded by short term asset backed commercial paper",
    "sponsor bank provides credit enhancement and liquidity to the conduit"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-003",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-003",
   "text": "Contesting the view that the 2008 crisis was an American problem inflicted on foreign victims, the authors argue that non U.S. institutions such as German banks were willing participants in the risk taking, even where they did not fully understand the risks they assumed.",
   "abstract": "The experience of German banks with CDOs, however, revealed that some of the non- U.S. victims were willing participants in the risk, even if they did not always fully understand the risks.",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to European banks that bought or sponsored U.S. structured credit products"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-034",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-034",
   "text": "The U.S. approach left both of its risk controls ineffective: the securities disclosure regime failed to prevent the 2008 financial crisis, while the expansive business judgment rule that permitted the risk taking in the first place survived the crisis unchanged.",
   "abstract": "The much-touted U.S. securities disclosure regime failed to prevent the 2008 financial crisis, yet the expansive U.S. version of the business judgment rule in cor- porate law that allowed the risk taking to begin with has remained in- tact.",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'financial-crisis-2008'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}