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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:flat-organizations",
 "name": "Flat organizations",
 "termCode": "flat-organizations",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-002",
   "text": "Algorithms substitute for human middlemen inside firms, and this substitution is what produces flatter, unmediated organizations in which the best idea, rather than hierarchical position, prevails.",
   "abstract": "Indeed, algorithms replace middlemen, leading to flatter, unmediated organizations in which a best-idea-wins culture prevails.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-019",
   "text": "Platform companies embrace an unmediated, flat, and inclusive culture in which trust and value are generated through the platform itself rather than through the management of workers and physical assets.",
   "abstract": "Most importantly, platform companies embrace an unmediated, flat, and inclusive culture.72 Trust and value are created through platforms, instead of the management of workers and physical assets.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "platform companies built on peer-to-peer transactions, such as Airbnb and Uber"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-023",
   "text": "Traditional coordination through hierarchy, command, and control is suboptimal for generating the innovation a firm needs to survive.",
   "abstract": "Traditional forms of coordination, with a focus on hierarchy, command, and control, are suboptimal for generating then innovation that allows firms to survive.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-024",
   "text": "Inclusive and unmediated stakeholder relationships demand a much higher degree of cooperation, loyalty, and mutual trust than control-oriented, centralized, and vertical organizational forms do.",
   "abstract": "Compared to the more control-oriented, centralized, and vertical organizational forms, inclusive and unmediated relationships among firms' stakeholders require a high degree of cooperation, loyalty, and mutual trust.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3227933-009",
   "text": "In the most successful firms governance is no longer about hierarchy or control; it is about creating a flat, open and inclusive ecosystem that leverages the talents of all stakeholders in the company's network.",
   "abstract": "In the best and most successful firms, governance is no longer about hierarchy or control. Instead, the focus is on creating a flat, open and inclusive organizational environment or \"eco-system\" that leverages the talents of all stakeholders in that company's network.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
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 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'flat-organizations'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}