{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/focal-point",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:focal-point",
 "name": "Focal point",
 "termCode": "focal-point",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/focal-point.md",
 "sha256": "1f39735a8ec0b1871d9594ddd58c981b0ff45a5ed50d1123d95b0f141f87572d",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-048",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2267560-048",
   "text": "The feedback process in dynamic regulation may be viewed as a focal point or principle for rulemaking, enabling rulemakers to provide for contingencies ex-ante and to adopt rules that are applicable and adaptable to future states of the world.",
   "abstract": "Dynamic regulation as a focal point or principle enables rulemakers to adapt to contingencies if and when they arise because the feedback effect provides relevant, timely, decentralized, and institution-specific information for rulemaking.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Evolution of Law Dynamic Regulation in a New Institutional Economics Framework (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2267560",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "7ecc9dd1826121a95bf252476cdaa1c8737ad8079e12caf66c4342ffae7af8af",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782220-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782220-021",
   "text": "Transcendental values must remain transcendental, because once formalized too rigorously they become more manipulable: a clearly specified definition becomes a focal point for competition instead of a unifying principle.",
   "abstract": "they need to remain transcendental. Once they are formalized too rigorously, they become more manipulable. For example, once the definition of ne- cessity versus non-essential is specified clearly, it becomes a focal point for competi- tion, instead of a unifying principle",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of Transcendental Unifying Values for Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782220",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "values that have been formalized explicitly"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f0bf1e80c6da60a6f8ba20630562bdf1dab171ccb5267f497dc0b815113cde99",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782220-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782220-022",
   "text": "Drawing a clear formal line between where individual rights stop and social responsibilities start makes the system brittle and unstable by turning that line into a focal point for competition, so the line between the two values must remain vague.",
   "abstract": "If we were to make a clear distinction between where our individual rights stop and social respon- sibilities start, then that formal line becomes a focal point for competition which makes the system brittle and unstable. Instead the line between the two values must remain vague.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of Transcendental Unifying Values for Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782220",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "values in genuine tension such as freedom and equality"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f0bf1e80c6da60a6f8ba20630562bdf1dab171ccb5267f497dc0b815113cde99",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'focal-point'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}