{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/forking",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:forking",
 "name": "Forking",
 "termCode": "forking",
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  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/forking.md",
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   "value": 4
  },
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   "value": 4
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2025"
   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3441904-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3441904-005",
   "text": "Forking a chain is an insufficient governance mechanism, and even attempts to create socially optimal chain forking rules cannot suffice as a substitute for evolutionary blockchain governance protocols.",
   "abstract": "Existing blockchain governance still mainly consist of forking a given chain. Even attempts to create socially optimal chain forking rules cannot suffice.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain-Based Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3441904",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "existing blockchain governance that relies on forks"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e6b562527f7f19accaa35491db0a0db168b6a936755e1dca424e9f30bee7a815",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782214-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782214-008",
   "text": "Fundamental rule changes in a large decentralized organization are typically demanded when a large minority is treated unfairly, which means the advantaged majority has no incentive to make the change; the resulting deadlock leaves revolution or a network split as the only route to foundational change.",
   "abstract": "When a large decentralized organization needs a fundamental rule change, it of- ten happens because a large minority subgroup is being treated unfairly. That typically means the majority is advantaged by the rules and are therefore not incentivized to change the rules.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Governance (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782214",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "large decentralized organizations",
    "rules that advantage the majority"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808859-020",
   "text": "The absence of a centralized authority makes open source projects prone to separation movements, because rival developer cliques form their own belief systems about the direction of development with no authority to resolve the dispute.",
   "abstract": "Because no centralized authority decides the direction of development, open source projects are more prone to cliques of developers that develop their own belief system regarding certain aspects of the development process.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "contrasted with centralized software projects"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "304ad25d43b5ecea3158e3a2ca04e6e1e3bd2958e2134e2dcefbfedf3b6f3ab7",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5887242-037",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5887242-037",
   "text": "Every large-scale legal order eventually accumulates dead-letter provisions, contradictory clauses and rules premised on obsolete technology; national codes require heroic political effort to prune, and private codes either never update or fork into competing versions.",
   "abstract": "Every large-scale legal order eventually accumulates dead-letter provisions, contradictory clauses, and legacy rules premised on obsolete technology. National codes require heroic political efforts to prune. Private codes either never update or fork into competing versions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The UDLC DAO Operationalizing a Continuously Evolving Universal Digital Law Codex Through Weighted (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5887242",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "4e5c2e2b4304af6d22e0b0939b1fddeabcf091e19a1b00b7bfccf77cbd6280c5",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'forking'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}