{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/formalization",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:formalization",
 "name": "Formalization",
 "termCode": "formalization",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "39d38425f462f52667a3dfe0358ff105ab19d9336f0ddb726e7dc94ebb64c877",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "value": 2
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   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2021"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2267560-024",
   "text": "Unlike ordinary private ordering, where formalization of informal rules can be a lengthy process that is never finalized, formalization of informal rules in the dynamic process happens sooner and is more likely to succeed if those informal rules provide relevant information for public rulemaking.",
   "abstract": "the formalization of informal rules in the dynamic process may happen sooner and is more likely to succeed and be finalized if the informal rules provide relevant information for the public rulemaking process.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Evolution of Law Dynamic Regulation in a New Institutional Economics Framework (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2267560",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "informal rules provide relevant information for the public rulemaking process"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "7ecc9dd1826121a95bf252476cdaa1c8737ad8079e12caf66c4342ffae7af8af",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782220-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782220-021",
   "text": "Transcendental values must remain transcendental, because once formalized too rigorously they become more manipulable: a clearly specified definition becomes a focal point for competition instead of a unifying principle.",
   "abstract": "they need to remain transcendental. Once they are formalized too rigorously, they become more manipulable. For example, once the definition of ne- cessity versus non-essential is specified clearly, it becomes a focal point for competi- tion, instead of a unifying principle",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of Transcendental Unifying Values for Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782220",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "values that have been formalized explicitly"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f0bf1e80c6da60a6f8ba20630562bdf1dab171ccb5267f497dc0b815113cde99",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'formalization'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}