# Fraud prevention `kaal:entity:fraud-prevention` **Status.** derived This node is assembled mechanically from the 11 claims that carry the concept tag `fraud-prevention`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself. ## Every claim under this term 11 claims across 9 works, 2013 to 2022. **2013** - [2337268-037](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2337268-037) [design/asserted] -- Mandatory ethics codes, disclosures, and client consents are effective instruments for curtailing fraudulent practices by investment advisers. > Mandatory ethics codes, disclosures, and client consents can curtail fraudulent practices. Wulf A. Kaal, Investment Adviser Regulation (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2337268 **2017** - [2939127-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2939127-016) [mechanism/argued] -- It is the completely decentralized network connectivity of the blockchain via the Internet, more than the use of digital signatures to establish party identity and authenticity, that provides the strongest protection against fraud. > While blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud. Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Legal Education in the Blockchain Revolution (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2939127 - [2939127-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2939127-017) [mechanism/argued] -- Blockchain's distributed consensus model permits node verification of transactions without compromising the privacy of the parties, which makes it arguably safer than a traditional model requiring third party intermediary validation. > That model also allows node verification of transactions without compromising the privacy of the parties and is therefore arguably safer than a traditional model that requires third-party intermediary validation of transactions. Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Legal Education in the Blockchain Revolution (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2939127 - [2959730-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-017) [mechanism/argued] -- Blockchain removes fraudulent transactions primarily through completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet, rather than through digital signatures alone, which only establish the identity and authenticity of the parties. > While blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud. Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730 - [3071378-004](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-004) [mechanism/argued] -- Because network nodes verify and validate chain transactions before execution under a distributed consensus model, recording a fraudulent transaction on the blockchain is extremely rare. > Blockchain's distributed consensus model, e.g., the network "nodes" verify and validate chain transactions before execution of the transactions, makes it extremely rare for a fraudulent transaction to be recorded in the blockchain.34 Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378 **2018** - [3128900-028](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3128900-028) [design/asserted] -- The reputation score mechanism serves a discriminating function, separating malicious actors from simple mistakes and protecting workers and verifiers against fraudulent requesters and badly designed requests. > The reputation score mechanism helps discern malicious actors and simple mistakes. It also protects workers and verifiers from fraudulent requesters and suboptimally designed requests. Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Mechanical Turk Through Verified Reputation (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3128900 **2019** - [3373393-022](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3373393-022) [mechanism/argued] -- It is decentralized network connectivity via the Internet, rather than blockchain's use of digital signatures, that provides the most protection against fraud, because multiple copies of the blockchain are available to all participants across the distributed network. > blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud. Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Solutions for Agency Problems in Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3373393 - [3373393-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3373393-023) [mechanism/argued] -- The distributed consensus model, in which network nodes verify and validate transactions before execution, makes it extremely rare for a fraudulent transaction to be recorded in the blockchain, and it does so without compromising the privacy of the parties. > Blockchains' distributed consensus model, e.g. the network "nodes" verify and validate chain transactions before transaction execution, makes it extremely rare for a fraudulent transaction to be recorded in the blockchain. Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Solutions for Agency Problems in Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3373393 - [3411897-018](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411897-018) [mechanism/argued] -- It is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the internet, not blockchain's digital signatures, that provides the greatest protection against fraud, because connectivity puts multiple copies of the chain in the hands of all participants. > While blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the internet that allows the most protection against fraud. Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411897 **2020** - [3709041-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-005) [mechanism/argued] -- Because individual network nodes verify and validate transactions before execution under the distributed consensus model, recording a fraudulent transaction on the blockchain is extremely rare. > The distributed consensus model, individual network nodes verify and validate chain transactions before the execution of the transactions, makes it extremely rare for a fraudulent transaction to be recorded in the blockchain. Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041 **2022** - [4021599-004](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4021599-004) [mechanism/argued] -- Blockchain's distributed consensus model makes fraudulent transactions much less likely to be recorded because individual network nodes verify and validate chain transactions before those transactions execute. > recorded as individual network nodes verify and validate chain transactions before the execution of the transactions.3 The resulting Wulf A. Kaal, Securities Versus Utility Tokens (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4021599 ## Verify Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust. curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/fraud-prevention.md | sha256sum **Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.