{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/functional-equivalence",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:functional-equivalence",
 "name": "Functional equivalence",
 "termCode": "functional-equivalence",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/functional-equivalence.md",
 "sha256": "6a16720bb2845a72213773b4668a55e70b93608197408a39b125361820aca8e6",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
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   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
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   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2025",
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  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-013",
   "text": "A signature under the Codex is defined functionally as the technical proof of the link between an identifier and a piece of digital information, not as a handwritten or format specific formality.",
   "abstract": "(1) The Signature is the technical proof between the Identifier and any Digital Information.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-027",
   "text": "Contracts under the Codex are form free by default: formation does not require any particular form unless applicable mandatory law imposes one that cannot be substituted by the principle of functional equivalence.",
   "abstract": "formation of a contract does not require any particu-",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applicable mandatory law does not impose a form that functional equivalence cannot satisfy"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'functional-equivalence'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}