{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/fundraising",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:fundraising",
 "name": "Fundraising",
 "termCode": "fundraising",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/fundraising.md",
 "sha256": "5bd0d24982644cb3323f0cc9a8876dbe289f488cff99ad1c5ba03bb694138001",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
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   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2016",
    "2019"
   ]
  },
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   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2714974-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2714974-019",
   "text": "Although the JOBS Act rules freed hedge fund managers to advertise, talk to reporters, and speak at conferences from September 23, 2013, very few managers actually engage in these less restrictive communications with potential investors.",
   "abstract": "Yet, very few hedge fund managers are actually engaging in less restrictive communications with potential investors.",
   "citation": "Kaal and Oesterle, The History of Hedge Fund Regulation in the United States (2016). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2714974",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to the period after Rule 506(c) took effect"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "7764601d3ed5bb056b58949e8411eff9dfb9855f143719062030c980c5fa801b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-004",
   "text": "The ICO share of total blockchain startup fundraising collapsed from about 80% to roughly 35% by August 2018, recovered only marginally to 40% to 50% through February 2019, and then fell to 20% in March 2019.",
   "abstract": "The percentage of ICOs in relation to total fundraising of blockchain startups dropped from 80% to around 35% in August 2018 and only marginally recovered between September 2018 and February 2019 at around 40% to 50% before dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain startup fundraising, March 2018 through March 2019"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3409548-032",
   "text": "ICO funding collapsed as a share of blockchain startup fundraising, falling from 80% to around 35% by August 2018, recovering only marginally to 40% to 50% between September 2018 and February 2019, and dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "abstract": "The percentage of ICOs in relation to total fundraising of blockchain startups dropped from 80% to around 35% in August 2018 and only marginally recovered between September 2018 and February 2019 at around 40% to 50% before dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Financial Technology and Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409548",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain startup fundraising, 2018 to March 2019"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "74227ab2656b06bfe4a29c942fc2ba26df9f476917e0a9f85ec038b8c3402c40",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'fundraising'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}