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  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-029",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-029",
   "text": "At the beginning of the 2020s DeFi was not sufficiently user friendly, because core interfaces such as metamask, myetherwallet, and scatter require levels of technical know how in handling public and private keys that most lay users do not possess.",
   "abstract": "At the beginning of the 2020s, DeFi was not sufficiently user friendly.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "lay retail users of DeFi interfaces",
    "beginning of the 2020s"
   ],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-030",
   "text": "The digital asset market resulted from a technology push rather than a market pull: developers were driven by technical advancement rather than by usefulness and user friendliness, and market pull may only evolve once the DeFi technology infrastructure is more developed.",
   "abstract": "As with most innovative technologies, the digital asset market also resulted from a technology push rather than a market pull.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "digital asset and DeFi platform development",
    "immature technology infrastructure"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-031",
   "text": "DeFi platform technologies often have limited product market fit because the reliance on code over human judgment produces products built around automation that ignore the human element in financial transactions.",
   "abstract": "DeFi platform technologies often have a limited product market fit. The reliance on code in the market for digital assets over human judgments resulted in a focus on products that predominantly rely on automation, ignoring the human element in financial transactions.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "DeFi products built primarily on automated code execution",
    "transactions involving subjective or non codifiable inputs"
   ],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-032",
   "text": "Because human interactions in business are often too complex to be fully codified objectively, DeFi systems that exclude all non objective information from their analysis do not fully utilize available information, which limits their efficiency and usefulness.",
   "abstract": "However, human interaction in business are often too complex to be fully codified objectively. By excluding all non- objective information from the product analysis, all available information may not be fully utilized which limits efficiency and potential usefulness of DeFi",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "DeFi products analyzing only objectively recordable and verifiable inputs",
    "complex commercial interactions"
   ],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-033",
   "text": "Accountability is a structural concern in DeFi: without a central entity it can become unclear who is responsible for wrongdoing, and when problems arise no central party can freeze transactions, fix problems, or restore normal operations.",
   "abstract": "\"Without central entity involvement, who should be held accountable for potential wrongdoing can become unclear. Who do you resort to for help? When problems arise, no central party can take actions to freeze transactions, fix problems and restore normal operations.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "fully decentralized finance systems without a central operator"
   ],
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 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'growth-limitations'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}