{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/hand-collected-data",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:hand-collected-data",
 "name": "Hand collected data",
 "termCode": "hand-collected-data",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/hand-collected-data.md",
 "sha256": "09a48c6f90a4355c8e8ab0d18a8e07e082f37d3ce78bf0736cea8c66ef09c9ac",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
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   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2015",
    "2015"
   ]
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-009",
   "text": "The study's hand-selected dataset covers all institutions that executed N/DPAs from 1993 to 2015, a population of 330 agreements, of which 94 involved publicly traded firms usable for stock price tests.",
   "abstract": "Our hand-selected dataset comprises all institutions that executed N/DPAs from 1993 to 2015 (N=330) and are publicly traded (N=94).",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "publicly available N/DPAs recorded in the University of Virginia Law Library database",
    "stock price data availability limits the tested sample to 94 firms"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "507404d641abb922ab6d8e3a0b032e35ead2befd7b88746d09d178a8fa816957",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-039",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-039",
   "text": "Prior coding of all publicly available N/DPAs from 1993 to 2013 across more than 230 governance categories shows that N/DPAs have a substantial effect on corporate governance.",
   "abstract": "In the largest study to date, Kaal and Lacine (2014), using a hand-selected dataset comprising all publicly available N/DPAs from 1993-2013 (N=271) in over 230 governance categories, show a substantial effect of N/DPAs on corporate governance.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "N=271 agreements, 1993 to 2013"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "507404d641abb922ab6d8e3a0b032e35ead2befd7b88746d09d178a8fa816957",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'hand-collected-data'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}