{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/historical-comparison",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:historical-comparison",
 "name": "Historical comparison",
 "termCode": "historical-comparison",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 2
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2017"
   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2834531-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2834531-019",
   "text": "A fact based approach to regulation worked relatively well only under a specific historical condition: innovation cycles were long and disruption unfolded over decades, giving regulators time to get their facts in order before intervening.",
   "abstract": "In spite of these problems, a fact–based approach to regulation may have worked relatively well in the past when innovation cycles were longer and the pace of disruptive innovation occurred over decades.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Regulation Tomorrow What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2834531",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "past eras of slow technological disruption"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9cd875ebdb0266febbdcdabfca5b9b9f0de1b7ad9e3d5a8a5971bdbe469323b7",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2834531-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2834531-020",
   "text": "The automobile illustrates how long the old disruption lag was: Benz's engine did not displace the horse and carriage industry, and mainstream adoption came only in 1908 when Ford began mass producing the Model T, decades after the 1879 patent.",
   "abstract": "However, Benz's engine did not disrupt the horse and carriage industry or bring the automobile into the mainstream of everyday life. This only occurred much later, in 1908, when Henry Ford started to mass produce the Model T.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Regulation Tomorrow What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2834531",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "the origins of the modern automobile industry"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9cd875ebdb0266febbdcdabfca5b9b9f0de1b7ad9e3d5a8a5971bdbe469323b7",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'historical-comparison'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}