{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/hybrid-governance",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:hybrid-governance",
 "name": "Hybrid governance",
 "termCode": "hybrid-governance",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 3
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   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2025"
   ]
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-039",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-039",
   "text": "As a unique hybrid category, CIAs transcend both the law of fiduciary duties and aspirational corporate governance, and courts may come to interpret CIAs and other hybrid forms such as deferred prosecution agreements as expanding the basic legal duty of care.",
   "abstract": "Given the characteristics of CIAs and courts' increasing recognition of CIAs and VCPs, courts may interpret CIAs and other hybrid forms, such as deferred prosecution agreements, as expanding the basic legal duty of care.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "continued judicial recognition of CIAs and voluntary compliance plans"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-040",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-040",
   "text": "More research and empirical work is needed to determine how CIAs and other hybrid forms may change or expand directors' obligations.",
   "abstract": "More research and empirical work may be needed to explore how CIAs and other hybrid forms may change or expand directors' obligations.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "normative",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-036",
   "text": "Allowing jurisdictions to tailor smart contract requirements to local statutory frameworks while adhering to a baseline of ethical principles preserves the innovative potential of blockchain by avoiding the homogenizing effects of harmonized legal standards.",
   "abstract": "This flexibility preserves the innovative potential of blockchain by avoiding the homogenizing effects of harmonized legal standards, which could stifle jurisdictional experimentation.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "hybrid governance combining a universal ethical baseline with localized adaptation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'hybrid-governance'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}