{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/ico-market",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:ico-market",
 "name": "Ico market",
 "termCode": "ico-market",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "55be4b5a3015184edb38417bc31717ec7fcb0964ef3cb24c0aa6bb9b2fba78d9",
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 4
  },
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   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
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  }
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-004",
   "text": "The ICO share of total blockchain startup fundraising collapsed from about 80% to roughly 35% by August 2018, recovered only marginally to 40% to 50% through February 2019, and then fell to 20% in March 2019.",
   "abstract": "The percentage of ICOs in relation to total fundraising of blockchain startups dropped from 80% to around 35% in August 2018 and only marginally recovered between September 2018 and February 2019 at around 40% to 50% before dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain startup fundraising, March 2018 through March 2019"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-005",
   "text": "ICOs changed the venture funding market because they provide investors liquidity far faster than the traditional venture capital path to a late IPO or acquisition, letting venture funds capitalize on profits early.",
   "abstract": "By contrast, ICOs provide liquidity to investors much faster and allow venture capital funds to capitalize on existing profits early.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "venture capital funds invested in crypto start-ups"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-006",
   "text": "During the ICO boom years the venture capital market in the decentralized technology sector ground to a halt, and the later demise of the ICO market reversed the trend back toward venture funding.",
   "abstract": "During the ICO boom years, the venture capital market in the decentralized technology sector ground to a halt.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized technology sector during the ICO boom, roughly March 2017 to June 2018"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-022",
   "text": "The ICO share of blockchain startup fundraising collapsed from 80 percent to around 35 percent by August 2018, recovered only marginally to 40 to 50 percent between September 2018 and February 2019, and then fell to 20 percent in March 2019.",
   "abstract": "The percentage of ICOs in relation to total fundraising of blockchain startups dropped from 80% to around 35% in August 2018 and only marginally recovered between September 2018 and February 2019 at around 40% to 50% before dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "measured as percentage of total fundraising of blockchain startups"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'ico-market'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}