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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:impact-1-0",
 "name": "Impact 1 0",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-001",
   "text": "Growth in philanthropy is the main driver of impact innovation, and the successive phases of impact innovation from Impact 1.0 to Impact 3.0 are responses to that growth.",
   "abstract": "Growth in philanthropy is the main driver of impact innovation.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "global philanthropy since the turn of the century"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-004",
   "text": "Because Impact 1.0 entrusted individual donors rather than donor collectives with identifying which problems to solve, individual philanthropists can reshape underfunded causes according to their own ideals without meaningful checks and balances or crowd wisdom.",
   "abstract": "Individual philanthropists can leverage underfunded causes and reshape them according to their ideals without significant checks and balances or crowd wisdom considerations.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Impact 1.0 and 2.0 philanthropic strategies",
    "high net worth individual and corporate donors"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-007",
   "text": "Because Impact 1.0 lacks a liquid and efficient funding marketplace, donors protect their interest by overinvesting in process rather than in impact outcomes directly.",
   "abstract": "Because Impact 1.0 does not support a liquid and efficient marketplace for funding, funding results in Impact 1.0 are logistically difficult to attain. To protect their interest in impact results, donors often overinvest in the process not in impact outcomes directly.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "absence of a liquid impact funding marketplace"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-008",
   "text": "Without a full view of the impact market, Impact 1.0 donors end up funding projects run by people already in their existing networks rather than the most qualified projects judged by objective standards.",
   "abstract": "Without a full view of the market, impact donors in Impact 1.0 often end up funding projects by people they know through their existing networks, not the most qualified projects based on objective standards.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "no central impact marketplace",
    "funding sources that are not well known"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-009",
   "text": "The absence of an efficient marketplace lets big dollar donors hijack the priorities of impact intermediaries such as foundations, donor advised funds, NGOs and fiscal sponsors, producing a feast or famine pattern for fundable projects.",
   "abstract": "Because of the lack of an efficient marketplace, impact intermediaries, such as foundations, DAFs, NGOs, and fiscal sponsors, among others, often experience their priorities being hijacked by big-dollar donors. This often results in a feast or famine situation for fundable projects in Impact 1.0.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "intermediated philanthropy without a central marketplace"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
   "status": "current"
  },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-014",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-014",
   "text": "Impact 1.0 impact markets fail on the demand side: they have more sellers than buyers, and many potential buyers would have funded those projects anyway, which removes the need for a secondary market and significantly reduces resale value.",
   "abstract": "Impact 1.0 markets typically have more sellers than buyers and many potential buyers would have done those 47 projects anyway thus removing the need for a secondary market. This imbalance of high supply and low demand significantly reduces the \"resale\" value",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Impact 1.0 secondary markets for social impact credits"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "6 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'impact-1-0'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}