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  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-001",
   "text": "Growth in philanthropy is the main driver of impact innovation, and the successive phases of impact innovation from Impact 1.0 to Impact 3.0 are responses to that growth.",
   "abstract": "Growth in philanthropy is the main driver of impact innovation.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-002",
   "text": "Kaal stipulates the load bearing definition of the paper: impact certificates are electronic tickets that can be sold to claim a project's impact, functioning analogously to a carbon credit.",
   "abstract": "Impact Certificates are \"electronic tickets\" that can be sold to claim a project's impact akin to a carbon credit.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
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   "text": "Impact 1.0 foundations developed plutocratic power structures because their leaders and trustees were never democratically elected, and Impact 3.0 addresses this by adding WEB3 collaborative democratic measures on top of the existing foundation structures.",
   "abstract": "further improve Impact 1.0 private foundations by adding collaborative WEB3 democratic measures that address plutocratic power structures in Impact 1.0 foundations that originated in the lack of democratic elections of Impact 1.0 foundations' organizations' leaders or trustees.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
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    "Impact 3.0 still relies on foundation structures"
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-005",
   "text": "Impact 3.0 shortens the lag between donors taking their tax deductions and the donated funds actually reaching impact projects, which is a capital allocation timing failure of Impact 1.0 and 2.0.",
   "abstract": "Impact 3.0 improves on Impact 1.0 and 2.0 capital allocation timeframes, lowering the time between donors receiving their tax deductions and deploying the donated funds to the impact projects.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
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    "donors receiving tax deductions in advance of deployment"
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-006",
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   "text": "Kaal limits the reach of his own proposal: donors motivated by personal or local causes may have no interest in scaling impact at all, so the paper's target audience is only the subgroup of high dollar donors who want technology based improvements in philanthropy.",
   "abstract": "In short, donors who are motivated by their personal or local interests may not be motivated by scaling impact overall.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
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   "text": "Credential tracking is a necessary condition for Impact 3.0: any Impact 3.0 platform built without WEB3 credential tracking systems will encounter significant disruption over time, as foreshadowed by the failure to enforce and monitor net zero commitments in Impact 1.0.",
   "abstract": "Any Impact 3.0 platform without WEB3 credential tracking systems is bound to encounter significant disruption over time.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
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    "Impact 3.0 platforms",
    "stakes higher than in Impact 1.0 carbon markets"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-017",
   "text": "The impact measurement consulting business follows a distinctly centralized approach, and without the crowd wisdom and community audit that WEB3 Impact 3.0 supplies, such consulting practices are subject to single points of failure.",
   "abstract": "Without crowd wisdom and community audit that are part of WEB3 Impact 3.0, such consulting practices can often be subject to single points of failure.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-018",
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   "text": "Impact 3.0 makes verification a precondition of funding: unlike Impact 1.0 and 2.0, where projects could receive funding without impact verification, Impact 3.0 only allows funding where projects are verified and demonstrate impact via milestones.",
   "abstract": "Unlike Impact 1.0 and 2.0 where projects may receive funding despite a lack of impact verification, Impact 3.0 only allows project funding if projects are verified and demonstrate impact via milestones.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "asserted",
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   "scope_conditions": [
    "listing requires either winning a competition or an expert community upvote"
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   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-026",
   "text": "Impact 3.0 is bounded by market participants' purchasing choices: projects whose impact certificates find no purchasers after listing are less likely to proliferate or find long term commercial applications.",
   "abstract": "If market participants don't purchase impact certificates post-listing, those projects whose impact certificates do not find purchasers are less likely to proliferate and find commercial applications long-term.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
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    "post listing secondary market demand"
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-031",
   "text": "Community based impact verification lets impact systems scale because verification can be stood up instantaneously without paying centralized organizational intermediaries, unlike Impact 2.0 verification through competitions.",
   "abstract": "community-based impact verification in Impact 3.0 allows impact systems to scale because the verification can be set up instantaneously without the need to pay centralized organization intermediaries.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "WEB3 community toolsets are available"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
   "status": "current"
  },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-036",
   "text": "Because projects that list impact certificates can prove community driven impact over time, the community organized around a certificate should be able to apply for and receive government tax credits as a continuing revenue stream rather than a one off award.",
   "abstract": "the community that organizes around the impact certificate should be able to apply for and receive tax credits as a form of revenue stream from the government for the continuous creation of desirable societal outcomes.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "normative",
   "confidence": "speculative",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "governments recognize the for good outcomes created",
    "community coordination software is in place"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
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 "description": "11 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'impact-3-0'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}