{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/incumbency",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:incumbency",
 "name": "Incumbency",
 "termCode": "incumbency",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/incumbency.md",
 "sha256": "839a172e9d93281040714b4bae403aebb308a974bbb1e683c8117051f86be0e3",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3071378-017",
   "text": "Top management retains support only so long as others in the corporate structure keep them in power, which gives incumbents an incentive to keep upper management composition unchanged.",
   "abstract": "Second, top management are supported so long as others in the corporate structure continue to hold them in power.64 This gives them an incentive to keep the upper management the same.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "hierarchical corporate structures where incumbency depends on internal support"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "125f01674d13b6bb0310c4be7a20ff538dccbc36ecf352770b3c580028387edd",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-012",
   "text": "Even where superior decentralized technological solutions exist, the centralized elements deeply engrained in business and society can be perpetuated by the efficiency gains of the S curve of centralization, so superiority alone does not displace them.",
   "abstract": "Despite the emergence of superior decentralized technological solutions that have been emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, the centralized elements in business and society can be perpetuated via the efficiency gains in the S-curve of centralization.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "societies with deeply engrained centralized infrastructure such as legal systems and financial services"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'incumbency'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}