# Independent verification

`kaal:entity:independent-verification`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `independent-verification`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2009 to 2013.

**2009**

- [1428387-039](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1428387-039) [design/argued] -- Investor suitability standards would address the sophistication problem by requiring independent verification that investors in highly complex financial products can evaluate investment risk independently and are capable of making independent investment decisions.
  > Investor suitability standards would address these concerns by requiring independent verification that investors in highly complex financial products have the capability to evaluate investment risk independently and are capable of making independent investment decisions.
  Kaal, Hedge Fund Valuation Retailization, Regulation, and Investor Suitability (2009). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1428387

**2013**

- [2337268-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2337268-032) [design/argued] -- The Dodd-Frank Act tightened custodial practice by requiring safeguards for client assets and verification by independent accountants, a response to concerns over theft and client exposure to Ponzi schemes.
  > In 2010, in an effort to address concerns over theft and to lower clients' exposure to the risks of Ponzi schemes, the Dodd-Frank Act amended the IAA, heightening custodial practices by requiring safeguards for client assets and the use of independent accountants to verify assets.96
  Wulf A. Kaal, Investment Adviser Regulation (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2337268

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/independent-verification.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.