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 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/individual-liability",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:individual-liability",
 "name": "Individual liability",
 "termCode": "individual-liability",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-012",
   "text": "CIA penalties reach individuals as well as entities: firms supervised by the FDA may not employ persons dismissed for CIA violations, and the careers of pharmaceutical directors and officers prosecuted over CIA violations can be severely damaged.",
   "abstract": "For instance, companies subject to supervision by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may not employ individuals who were",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "FDA regulated companies",
    "pharmaceutical industry directors and officers"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-014",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-014",
   "text": "As the number of individuals required to certify compliance under CIAs grows, so does the potential for false certifications and the corresponding liability, including False Claims Act and criminal false statement exposure.",
   "abstract": "With the increased number of individuals certifying compliance with CIA provisions, the potential for false certifications and corresponding liability intensifies.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "expanded certification requirements going beyond the chief compliance officer"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'individual-liability'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}