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 "name": "Information at the edge",
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  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782192-007",
   "text": "Because information at the edge does not travel up a centralized hierarchy, the central authority makes decisions without full information, and a centralized organization is therefore not well designed to respond to any crisis it has not anticipated.",
   "abstract": "The central authority makes decisions without full information, so a central- ized organization is not well designed to respond to any crisis it hasn't anticipated.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192",
   "datePublished": "2021",
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   "is_failure_mode": true,
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    "strongly centralized organizations that leave no decision power at the edges",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-021",
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   "text": "Rigidity generates corruption: because a rigid organization ignores new information incompatible with its structure, the unexploited value creates an opportunity for an individual to capture it for personal advantage rather than for the group.",
   "abstract": "And so, an opportunity is born for an individual to exploit this opportunity for personal advantage since the organization was too rigid to take advantage of the opportunity collectively in pursuit of their shared goals.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192",
   "datePublished": "2021",
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   "text": "Decentralized organizations thrive under exactly the changing circumstances that break centralized organizations, because information at the edge is naturally incorporated and communicated so the system can adapt to external threats.",
   "abstract": "Decentralized organizations, on the other hand, thrive under the types of changing circumstances that break centralized organizations. Information at the edge is natu- rally incorporated and communicated so the system can adapt to external threats.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192",
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   "text": "Decentralized organizations naturally respond to information at the edge and are energized rather than weakened when their leaders are attacked, because decentralized rebellions are strengthened by the loss of leaders who become martyrs.",
   "abstract": "Decentralized organizations naturally respond to \"information at the edge\". They are energized when leaders are attacked. Decentral- ized rebellions are strengthened by the loss of their leaders, who become martyrs.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193",
   "datePublished": "2021",
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-001",
   "text": "Social media platform owners do not know and cannot choose which content will matter; the answers are held in the behavior of the network of users, and the companies merely monitor network transactions and analyze them statistically with automated algorithms.",
   "abstract": "The network of users has the answers in their members' behavior. The social media companies simply monitor the networks' transactions and statistically analyze the information with automated algorithms.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
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 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'information-at-the-edge'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
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