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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:institutional-collapse",
 "name": "Institutional collapse",
 "termCode": "institutional-collapse",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782192-005",
   "text": "If a hierarchy becomes too rigid the organization inevitably fails and the result is a return to chaos, which is why revolutions recur as a cyclic pattern in governmental structures throughout history.",
   "abstract": "If the hierarchy is too rigid, the organi- zation inevitably fails, and the result is a return to chaos.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "hierarchies that cannot bend or rearrange their order"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782193-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782193-002",
   "text": "Rigid hierarchies are unstable and inevitably fall, eroded either by internal corruption or by novel external challenges that the hierarchy is not flexible enough to adapt to. These are the second and third destabilizing factors, alongside majority discontent.",
   "abstract": "Rigid hierarchies are unstable and inevitably fall, eroded from internal corruption or novel external challenges that the hierarchy is not flexible enough to adapt to. These are the second and third factors that explain why centralized organizations are unstable.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "hierarchies whose power relations have become entrenched in secular, codified law"
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   "@type": "Claim",
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   "text": "Imperial China invented the printing press and applied it to centralize power through uniform edicts and the first printed money; the resulting bureaucratic rigidity left the hierarchy unable to respond to internal corruption and to external invaders.",
   "abstract": "China invented the printing press and used it to centralize power—politically with uniform edicts and economically with the first printed money. Eventually, the hierarchy couldn't re- spond to internal corruption and external threats such as Mongolian, Manchurian, and Western imperial invaders.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Imperial China's use of printing for political and economic centralization"
   ],
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782193-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782193-015",
   "text": "Centralized hierarchies have at best always failed after a few centuries and usually much sooner, and the resulting chaos leaves fertile ground for reorganizing the old order, which is what the cyclical word revolution names.",
   "abstract": "At best, however, the hierar- chy has always failed after a few centuries, usually much sooner, and the resulting chaos leaves fertile ground for reorganizing the old order.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
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    "rigid centralized hierarchies viewed on a historical timescale"
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 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'institutional-collapse'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}