{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/intellectual-property",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:intellectual-property",
 "name": "Intellectual property",
 "termCode": "intellectual-property",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/intellectual-property.md",
 "sha256": "acd487524ccbbfe6b08818354f5aac4dd55e146eb31840601d9edb25151bc94e",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2024"
   ]
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3067615-027",
   "text": "Legacy businesses own their code and can sue competitors who copy it, whereas open source crypto start-ups rely only on licenses, and this weaker incentive structure makes ICO investments riskier.",
   "abstract": "While open-source crypto start-ups have licenses that help protect them from competitor companies who may be using their code for profit, legacy businesses that own their code and can sue competitors who copy such code which provides a different incentive structure and makes ICO investments riskier.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "open source crypto start-ups compared to legacy code-owning businesses"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "164ce15b9eb1e8847ebcb073f5b23a96b4974ad0308d77469a9455d4a1ebeb38",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782217-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782217-033",
   "text": "The solution to the game theory problem of getting a player to freely give up intellectual property at one stage of a repeated game is to guarantee a reward at a future stage by fostering a culture that acknowledges past contributions, so players seek future fame by distributing their work in the present.",
   "abstract": "The solution to the game theory conundrum of how to incentivize a player to freely give up their intellectual property at one stage of a repeated game, is by guaranteeing a reward in a future stage, by fostering a culture of acknowledge- ment of past contributions.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of History In Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782217",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "repeated game with future stages",
    "culture that reliably acknowledges past contributions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "358779557d8e7dcd101720ca0fad90b9146d24f1c7c03909eb431fcf1fb7e103",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900880-029",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4900880-029",
   "text": "Intellectual property growth functions as a leading indicator of workplace change: industries and regions with higher IP growth experience faster shifts in job roles, skill requirements, and organizational structures.",
   "abstract": "Industries and regions with higher levels of IP growth often experience more rapid changes in job roles, skill requirements, and organizational structures.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and the Future of Work (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900880",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "64ea6e8b7cfb3d9a83801eba54f9b87182b842a963273ddab7f2d5305639db73",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'intellectual-property'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}