# Investor harm

`kaal:entity:investor-harm`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `investor-harm`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 1 works, 2022 to 2022.

**2022**

- [4015908-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4015908-001) [failure/asserted] *(failure mode)* -- Even after the ICO boom of 2017 and 2018, many digital asset projects and token launches are designed with the primary focus on benefiting the founding group, which often finds creative ways to cash out of the project after a successful run.
  > many digital asset projects and token launches are designed with the primary focus on benefiting the founding group, which often finds creative ways to cash out of the project after a successful run.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Fair Token Launch (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4015908
- [4015908-004](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4015908-004) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- ICOs that allowed their token to trade before the underlying product existed, at least in beta, created significant risk for investors because the product might never go live and the token could lose its value entirely.
  > ICOs that allowed their token to trade before the underlying product was built, at least in a beta version, create significant risk factors for the investors as the product may not go live at all and the token may lose its value entirely.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Fair Token Launch (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4015908

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/investor-harm.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.