{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/isps",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:isps",
 "name": "Isps",
 "termCode": "isps",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/isps.md",
 "sha256": "2e0f1dc1e27ea4f33c03eae16f313e8ebf8b8c1a963da827858b7ac5374da420",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2021",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-010",
   "text": "The incentive design in which originators of TCP requests pay the bill failed to solve web hosting costs, because the Tragedy of the Commons asserted itself and porn and pirated file sharing, sometimes set up by the ISPs themselves to game the payment design, consumed available bandwidth.",
   "abstract": "This didn't solve the problem, as naturally the Tragedy of the Commons9 asserted itself. Porn sites and pirated file sharing (often set up by the ISPs themselves to game the payment design10) quickly used up any available bandwidth.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to the early ISP era of Web 1.0 bandwidth provision"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-011",
   "text": "Per connection pricing by ISPs penalized success: creators whose pages became popular faced charges scaling with traffic, and individuals with popular pages were forced to delete their content.",
   "abstract": "The ISP charged low-volume providers on a per connection basis. If your site suddenly became popular, with thousands of people constantly accessing your content, you had to pay for thousands of long-dis- tance phone calls. Individuals with popular pages were forced to delete their content.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to low volume, non commercial content providers in the Web 1.0 era"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7e1378e3eed06cace6534e7792a7307d607d18bc6beb4ac45896476280728e4",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'isps'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}