{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/judicial-enforcement",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:judicial-enforcement",
 "name": "Judicial enforcement",
 "termCode": "judicial-enforcement",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/judicial-enforcement.md",
 "sha256": "adb7f25bfe55ecfea861b264a43019658805a661ecd3bd7312a970db253cb6e2",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2020"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-006",
   "text": "Duration ceilings contained in voting trust statutes do not carry over to other types of shareholder agreements, and courts have repeatedly sustained shareholder agreements intended to run indefinitely.",
   "abstract": "Duration limitations in the voting trust statutes do not apply to other types of shareholders' agreements.15 Numerous decisions have sustained shareholders' agreements which were to remain in effect indefinitely.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "agreements other than voting trusts"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-014",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3709041-014",
   "text": "Trust created by law is often limited because it is only indirectly democratically legitimized, inflexible, untimely, resistant to change, dependent on fallible human centric decision processes, and constrained to human speed.",
   "abstract": "Legally created trust is often limited as it can be arbitrary because it is only indirectly democratically legitimized, inflexible, untimely, resistant to change, with fallible human-centric decision processes, and human speed.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to trust generated by legal guarantees and judicial enforcement"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "5216a7bca45a48e3bef11ec524936e66af737c0fd66271e9f6866dc20a4482cc",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'judicial-enforcement'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}