{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/judicial-expertise",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:judicial-expertise",
 "name": "Judicial expertise",
 "termCode": "judicial-expertise",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/judicial-expertise.md",
 "sha256": "9517e1a1da698b6fd555a7b06b564b45f03a28e1c13a51322e0e58cf987548be",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2004",
    "2004"
   ]
  },
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   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/617681-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:617681-031",
   "text": "Because the judiciary in many European jurisdictions is a specialized career entered shortly after university and without significant private practice experience, European judges lack the practice background that facilitates learning to adjudicate complex corporate disputes.",
   "abstract": "the judiciary is a specialized career that one enters shortly after university training and without significant experience in private practice. Lack of practice experience does not facilitate learning how to adjudicate disputes arising out of complex corporate transactions.",
   "citation": "Christian Kirchner, Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Regulatory Competition in EU Corporate Law after Inspire Art Unbundling Delaware's Product for Euro (2004). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=617681",
   "datePublished": "2004",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "most EU Member States other than the United States model of lateral judicial appointment"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e142130507ea2f5b025fd97b3f762d44ee3a7aaa82b155aab63434b85e8fd834",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/617681-041",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:617681-041",
   "text": "Expert judges in national courts who cannot understand the arguments of lawyers before them or read documents written in another language may not be experts at all, so the American model of state appointed expert corporate judges does not transfer to multilingual Europe.",
   "abstract": "but in Europe \"expert\" judges in national courts who cannot understand the arguments of lawyers before them or who cannot read underlying documents written in another language may not be experts at all.",
   "citation": "Christian Kirchner, Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Regulatory Competition in EU Corporate Law after Inspire Art Unbundling Delaware's Product for Euro (2004). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=617681",
   "datePublished": "2004",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Europe, in contrast with the single language United States"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e142130507ea2f5b025fd97b3f762d44ee3a7aaa82b155aab63434b85e8fd834",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'judicial-expertise'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}