{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/judicial-treatment",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:judicial-treatment",
 "name": "Judicial treatment",
 "termCode": "judicial-treatment",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/judicial-treatment.md",
 "sha256": "6c4291ff29839e7b58c25f9d25bc0d5f7b8f1d6a3fb735767ba3543deb10a20f",
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2017"
   ]
  },
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   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-031",
   "text": "Courts treat companies that executed a CIA differently from other companies, and are increasingly recognizing the role of CIAs and their implications for directors' fiduciary duties.",
   "abstract": "Courts, however, treat companies that executed a CIA differently. Courts are increasingly recognizing the role of CIAs and their implications for directors' fiduciary duties.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "derivative litigation involving companies operating under a CIA"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998033-009",
   "text": "As of the publication of this article, a review of published court opinions showed that no court had reviewed, assessed, or scrutinized the uses and applications of blockchain technology.",
   "abstract": "However, a review of published court opinions suggests that no court at the time of publication of this article had to review, assess, or scrutinize the uses and applications of blockchain technology.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "based on a Westlaw search of federal and state cases as of 2017"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "aafb1be3c25cd33da477d759df9ca2f856f0a8fe133d6396da2e75d0af573dbd",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998033-010",
   "text": "Fears that technologically untrained judges will misunderstand blockchain are overstated, because blockchain is no different from other software that courts have already evaluated, and courts assisted by well trained attorneys should be able to appreciate its significance.",
   "abstract": "While some judges, untrained in technology and technology novices on the bench, could misunderstand and misinterpret the new technology, the technology is no different from other software that courts have evaluated.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "aafb1be3c25cd33da477d759df9ca2f856f0a8fe133d6396da2e75d0af573dbd",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'judicial-treatment'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}