{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/labeling",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:labeling",
 "name": "Labeling",
 "termCode": "labeling",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/labeling.md",
 "sha256": "f6f309780ae428fc29bbb35a1102ba79e68f8f89a9ad19d0876cf842161328fd",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2022",
    "2025"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4021599-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4021599-021",
   "text": "Merely calling a token a utility token, or structuring it so that it provides some utility, does not prevent the token from being characterized as a security.",
   "abstract": "From a regulatory perspective, merely calling a token a utility token or structuring it to provide some utility does not prevent the token from being characterized as a security.34 According to SEC",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Securities Versus Utility Tokens (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4021599",
   "datePublished": "2022",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States regulatory characterization"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bb03790af46b3710e306121cfae25f850e3e7477e0f95313af42b9feeb6bc0c4",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5095633-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5095633-020",
   "text": "Automating annotation to gain speed and cost savings produces less nuanced labeling that misses the complex human judgments and context certain AI applications require.",
   "abstract": "Automation can sometimes result in less nuanced data labeling, potentially missing complex human judgments or context that are critical for certain AI applications.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Artificial Intelligence The Final Frontier (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5095633",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "automation-heavy annotation workflows such as those of Hive and V7 Labs"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cbb484711f89bcefc9fc6a5730a1ed0a3f764d7999ad9b6f7d8ea05634c26c63",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'labeling'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}