# Leadership

`kaal:entity:leadership`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `leadership`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 3 works, 2021 to 2021.

**2021**

- [3782191-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782191-026) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Centralization has two major flaws that inevitably lead to its downfall; the first is that every centralized organization has a single point of failure, binding the organization to a leader's poor decisions when that leader lacks information, skill, wisdom, or charisma.
  > Centralization comes with two major flaws that inevi- tably lead to its downfall. First, every centralized organization has a single point of failure.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191
- [3782193-021](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782193-021) [mechanism/argued] -- Decentralized organizations naturally respond to information at the edge and are energized rather than weakened when their leaders are attacked, because decentralized rebellions are strengthened by the loss of leaders who become martyrs.
  > Decentralized organizations naturally respond to "information at the edge". They are energized when leaders are attacked. Decentral- ized rebellions are strengthened by the loss of their leaders, who become martyrs.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193
- [3782193-024](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782193-024) [mechanism/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- The Spanish strategy of capturing or killing a group's leader, which succeeded against the Aztec and Incan empires, was impossible to apply to the Apaches because they had no static, official rulers and no rigid power hierarchy to manipulate.
  > The Apaches had no static, official rulers, which made it impossible for the Spanish to replay their strategy of killing or controlling the leader of each new territory they invaded. The Apaches had no rigid power hierarchy to manipulate.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Historical Sketches of Centralization vs. Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782193
- [3782210-043](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782210-043) [predictive/speculative] -- Giving all people more power produces a liquid meritocracy in which leaders are continually rediscovered immediately where and when they are needed, and secure meaningful reputation gives that meritocracy momentum and history.
  > By giving all people more power, we create a system where leaders are continu- ally rediscovered immediately where and when they are needed—we create a liquid meritocracy.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of Reputation for the Evolution of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782210

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/leadership.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.