# Learning process

`kaal:entity:learning-process`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 6 claims that carry the concept tag `learning-process`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

6 claims across 3 works, 2004 to 2014.

**2004**

- [617681-022](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/617681-022) [predictive/argued] -- With an unbundled product more Member States might participate in regulatory competition over corporate law, which would speed up the learning process and likely result in better substantive corporate law.
  > With the unbundled product, more member states thus might participate in regulatory competition over corporate law, which would speed up the learning process76 and likely result in better substantive corporate law.
  Christian Kirchner, Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Regulatory Competition in EU Corporate Law after Inspire Art Unbundling Delaware's Product for Euro (2004). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=617681
- [617681-031](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/617681-031) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Because the judiciary in many European jurisdictions is a specialized career entered shortly after university and without significant private practice experience, European judges lack the practice background that facilitates learning to adjudicate complex corporate disputes.
  > the judiciary is a specialized career that one enters shortly after university training and without significant experience in private practice. Lack of practice experience does not facilitate learning how to adjudicate disputes arising out of complex corporate transactions.
  Christian Kirchner, Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Regulatory Competition in EU Corporate Law after Inspire Art Unbundling Delaware's Product for Euro (2004). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=617681

**2013**

- [2267560-020](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-020) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- In the conventional NIE learning process, the requirements for rules and their adaptability to future states become clear only after stable and presumptively optimal rules have already emerged as suboptimal, so anticipation of future developments plays no role and learning is confined to learning from mistakes.
  > Anticipation of future developments does not play a role in this learning process.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Evolution of Law Dynamic Regulation in a New Institutional Economics Framework (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2267560
- [2267560-028](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-028) [mechanism/argued] -- The feedback process between public and private rulemakers increases the availability, timeliness, and quality of information available to the public rulemaker, which induces and supports a learning process and creates incentives for that learning.
  > The feedback process between public and private rulemakers increases the availability, timeliness, and quality of information available to the public rulemaker. This induces and supports the learning process for the public rulemaker.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Evolution of Law Dynamic Regulation in a New Institutional Economics Framework (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2267560
- [2267560-035](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2267560-035) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The learning process in incomplete contract theory can be improved because experimentation with different rules, rule revision, and additional rulemaking create significant transaction costs, and postponing rulemaking until sufficient information is available may not always be possible or desirable.
  > Experimentation with different rules, rule revision, and additional rulemaking create significant transaction costs8 and postponing rulemaking until sufficient information is available may not always be possible or desirable.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Evolution of Law Dynamic Regulation in a New Institutional Economics Framework (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2267560

**2014**

- [kaal-2014-dynamicregulationviagove-006](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2014-dynamicregulationviagove-006) [definitional/asserted] -- Under incomplete contract theory the rulemaking process is itself a learning process, and incomplete contracts are the instrument that carries that learning.
  > According to incomplete con- tract theory, the rulemaking process is a learning process facilitated by in- complete contracts17.
  Kaal, Dynamic Regulation via Governmental Contracts (2014)

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/learning-process.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.