{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/legal-recognition",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:legal-recognition",
 "name": "Legal recognition",
 "termCode": "legal-recognition",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2020"
   ]
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998033-008",
   "text": "The absence of regulatory recognition of blockchain technology is itself a source of harm: it creates significant uncertainty, hinders cross industry implementation, and undermines infrastructure conversion via blockchain.",
   "abstract": "The lack of regulatory recognition of Blockchain technology creates significant uncertainty for the blockchain community. The lacking recognition hinders the implementation of the technology across industries and undermines the infrastructure conversion via blockchain technology.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "describes the state of US regulation as of 2017"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "aafb1be3c25cd33da477d759df9ca2f856f0a8fe133d6396da2e75d0af573dbd",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3002908-001",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3002908-001",
   "text": "The absence of regulatory recognition of blockchain technology is itself a source of harm: it creates significant uncertainty for the blockchain community and undermines the evolution of the crypto economy.",
   "abstract": "The lack of regulatory recognition of Blockchain technology creates significant uncertainty for the blockchain community and undermines the evolution of the crypto economy.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Blockchain Innovation in Private Investment Funds - A Comparative Analysis of the United States and (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3002908",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to the period before any dedicated blockchain legislation or case law existed in the US and the EU"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "06a7b61e75f905ee07e422e875d83a65c5033a248a6e05a213523b034e5db534",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3002908-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3002908-008",
   "text": "As of publication, no American or European court had recognized blockchain technology or scrutinized its applications, leaving it unclear how courts will treat the technology.",
   "abstract": "American and European courts have not yet recognized blockchain technology or addressed its applications.. A review of published court opinions suggests that no court at the time of publication of this article had to review, assess, or scrutinize the uses and applications of blockchain technology.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Blockchain Innovation in Private Investment Funds - A Comparative Analysis of the United States and (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3002908",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "as of the article's publication in 2017",
    "based on searches of US federal and state case law and of Italian, French, Dutch, UK, German, and EU court databases"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "06a7b61e75f905ee07e422e875d83a65c5033a248a6e05a213523b034e5db534",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3652481-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3652481-013",
   "text": "If DAO members do not formalize a structure for their human created entity, courts are very likely to impose one on them, which is a serious risk of DAO membership.",
   "abstract": "However, a very serious risk is associated with DAO membership in the sense that if the DAO members do not formalize a structure for their human-created entity, courts are very likely to impose one for the members of the DAO.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Internal Governance and External Legal Design (2020). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3652481",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "the DAO has no off chain legal entity",
    "a dispute reaches a court"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "530b3a40c244aeca2eb4c53f4c9b4d6b2962bd6be9f92b4ebe17139c17f4c0e0",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'legal-recognition'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}