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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:legal-reform",
 "name": "Legal reform",
 "termCode": "legal-reform",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-026",
   "text": "Enacting the proposed German Corporation Act amendments that would give contingent capital securities a statutory basis would require substantial changes across other areas of German law, and is unlikely to be achieved unless European Union law requires it and the standards are internationally recognized.",
   "abstract": "Implementing the amendments would require substantial changes in other areas of German law.519 This may not be easily achieved unless required under European Union law and internationally recognized.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "proposed amendments to Sections 192, 194 and 221 of the German Corporation Act"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2939127-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2939127-027",
   "text": "Contract law rules on formation, interpretation, conditions, and remedies require substantive adjustment before smart contracts can be accommodated.",
   "abstract": "Contractual legal rules regarding formation, interpretation, conditions, and remedies require substantive adjustments of smart contracts in contract law.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Legal Education in the Blockchain Revolution (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2939127",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "existing contract law doctrine applied to blockchain smart contracts"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "abcef529c7200261c59eec43018375b3b26e3186239fb9d002bacc298dba26ff",
   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3227933-024",
   "text": "There is great regulatory uncertainty around blockchain and smart contracts, especially in financial services, and legal frameworks globally will have to change to adapt to the growing use of the technology.",
   "abstract": "Finally, there is a great deal of regulatory uncertainty surrounding blockchain and smart contracts, especially in the financial services industry. Legal frameworks globally will have to change to adapt to the growing use of this type of new technology.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "especially financial services"
   ],
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-019",
   "text": "Legal garbage collection is blocked by politics rather than by analysis: outdated or redundant laws remain contentious when they carry symbolic importance for particular constituencies or when repeal would be read as weakening the regulatory framework.",
   "abstract": "Laws, even those considered outdated or redundant, can be politically contentious, particularly when they hold symbolic importance to specific constituencies or when their removal might be perceived as weakening the regulatory framework.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "statutes with symbolic or ideological significance",
    "where repeal is publicly visible"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "137fb77eb82111a85f0ab5581926f762a7414ae84aaf3d56e8299db670e0e0c1",
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  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-021",
   "text": "The cost of comprehensive legal review deters governments from committing the necessary resources, which prevents legal garbage collection from being applied consistently and effectively.",
   "abstract": "The high costs associated with these processes can deter governments from committing the necessary resources, thereby hindering the consistent and effective application of legal garbage collection initiatives.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "jurisdictions with budget constraints or competing policy priorities"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-027",
   "text": "War functions as a catalyst for legal reform because it compels legislators to focus on laws immediately relevant to wartime and post war objectives, which enables rapid removal of outdated, inefficient, or irrelevant provisions that would otherwise persist.",
   "abstract": "Wars serve as a catalyst for legal reform by compelling legislators to focus on laws that are immediately relevant to wartime and post-war objectives, facilitating the rapid removal of outdated, inefficient, or irrelevant legal provisions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "wartime and immediate post war periods",
    "where extraordinary powers to reorganize legal frameworks are available"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-028",
   "text": "The speed of post war Japanese legal reform demonstrates that large scale legal change is possible when strong political will and adequate resources are present, which locates the binding constraint on legal cleanup in will and resources rather than in feasibility.",
   "abstract": "A critical aspect of this reform was its rapid implementation, demonstrating that large-scale legal changes are possible when there is strong political will and adequate resources.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "post World War II Japan under Allied occupation",
    "where external actors supplied impetus and expertise"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "137fb77eb82111a85f0ab5581926f762a7414ae84aaf3d56e8299db670e0e0c1",
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4957318-040",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4957318-040",
   "text": "A shift toward WDAG based dynamic solutions is not merely attractive but necessary for a legal system that is both efficient and equitable in addressing the complexities of contemporary governance.",
   "abstract": "As such, a shift toward WDAG-based dynamic solutions is desirable and necessary for creating a legal system that is both efficient and equitable in addressing the complexities of contemporary governance.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Future of Law - Dynamic Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4957318",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "normative",
   "confidence": "argued",
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    "contemporary governance under rapid technological and societal change"
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 "description": "8 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'legal-reform'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}