# Litigation costs

`kaal:entity:litigation-costs`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `litigation-costs`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2010 to 2014.

**2010**

- [1664809-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-032) [predictive/argued] *(failure mode)* -- If Congress enacts section 7216, EU investors will on the whole probably earn a lower return on their investments than they otherwise would, because the substantial costs the US litigation system imposes on EU companies will be passed on to investors.
  > enacts section 7216, EU investors will, on the whole probably, earn
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809

**2014**

- [2486570-004](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2486570-004) [mechanism/argued] -- Once prosecutors have investigated and identified corporate wrongdoing, non and deferred prosecution agreements let them avoid an expensive trial against a sophisticated and well funded corporate defendant, which is one reason both sides have strong incentives to settle.
  > prosecutors have investigated and identified corporate wrongdoing, they can use N/DPAs to avoid an expensive trial against a sophisticated and well-funded cor- porate defendant.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/litigation-costs.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.