# Market abuse

`kaal:entity:market-abuse`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `market-abuse`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 1 works, 2018 to 2018.

**2018**

- [3117224-006](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-006) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Capped ICO raises, adopted to address investor uncertainty about platform valuation in uncapped raises, backfire by creating strong incentives for investors to get in first and thereby raising the likelihood of retail investor frenzy.
  > However, capped ICO raises crate significant incentive for investors to attempt to get in first, raising the likelihood of retail investor frenzy.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224
- [3117224-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-008) [failure/asserted] *(failure mode)* -- ICO promoters can alter the smart contract to change the sales rules mid-course during the ICO.
  > Promoters can also change the smart contract to change ICO sales rules mid-course during the ICO.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/market-abuse.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.