{
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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/market-data",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:market-data",
 "name": "Market data",
 "termCode": "market-data",
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": [
    "2019",
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3409548-032",
   "text": "ICO funding collapsed as a share of blockchain startup fundraising, falling from 80% to around 35% by August 2018, recovering only marginally to 40% to 50% between September 2018 and February 2019, and dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "abstract": "The percentage of ICOs in relation to total fundraising of blockchain startups dropped from 80% to around 35% in August 2018 and only marginally recovered between September 2018 and February 2019 at around 40% to 50% before dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Financial Technology and Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409548",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain startup fundraising, 2018 to March 2019"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "74227ab2656b06bfe4a29c942fc2ba26df9f476917e0a9f85ec038b8c3402c40",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-008",
   "text": "ICO issuance exceeded venture capital financing of startups for the first time in the second quarter of 2017, with $210 million invested through ICOs against $180 million invested through traditional venture capital funds.",
   "abstract": "In the second quarter of 2017, ICO issuances exceeded venture capital financing of start-ups for the first time,56 with $210 million invested in ICOs versus $180 million invested into start-ups via traditional venture capital funds.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "second quarter of 2017",
    "blockchain and crypto startups"
   ],
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3606663-025",
   "text": "The DeFi lending market is highly concentrated: MakerDAO alone accounts for almost ninety percent of the total USD value locked in DeFi projects.",
   "abstract": "MakerDAO accounts for almost ninety percent of total USD value locked in DeFi projects.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "DeFi projects measured by total USD value locked",
    "period covered by DeFi Pulse data"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "d1d4a15a293b715bb6a5a32e689f59c3a1587915039ba9a1cf4eeb8ee2a1e57c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-022",
   "text": "The ICO share of blockchain startup fundraising collapsed from 80 percent to around 35 percent by August 2018, recovered only marginally to 40 to 50 percent between September 2018 and February 2019, and then fell to 20 percent in March 2019.",
   "abstract": "The percentage of ICOs in relation to total fundraising of blockchain startups dropped from 80% to around 35% in August 2018 and only marginally recovered between September 2018 and February 2019 at around 40% to 50% before dropping to 20% in March 2019.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "measured as percentage of total fundraising of blockchain startups"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'market-data'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}