{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/market-infrastructure",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:market-infrastructure",
 "name": "Market infrastructure",
 "termCode": "market-infrastructure",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/market-infrastructure.md",
 "sha256": "a10a54a5247ddf9179b785c29b2ff231778a8300ecf36c3c9c9b1f638d754707",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2018",
    "2022"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3117224-030",
   "text": "At the time of publication there were no registered marketplaces or alternative trading systems for cryptocurrency in Canada.",
   "abstract": "At the time of publication, there were no registered marketplaces or ATS's in Canada.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Canada",
    "as of publication"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "83e9ccb9219a217d9fcfc5c098b897229ee7cf85623bee3ae22d2e986548466b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-039",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-039",
   "text": "The Overstock structure fails to deliver investor privacy, because all existing broker-dealer customer agreements contain provisions allowing the broker-dealer to share the customer's identity, whereas ideally the individual's privacy would be contained.",
   "abstract": "For instance, all existing broker-dealer customer agreements included provisions which allows the broker-dealer to share the identity of the customer. Ideally, the privacy of the individual would be contained.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "existing broker-dealer customer agreements"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4033886-002",
   "text": "Digital asset valuation uncertainty is produced by the combination of an immature digital asset market and a valuation infrastructure, legal, accounting, finance, technology, and back office, that was not built for these assets.",
   "abstract": "The valuation infrastructure in the current legal, accounting, finance, technology, and back-office framework in combination with the immaturity of the digital asset market create an environment where digital asset valuation continues to be a mystery.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886",
   "datePublished": "2022",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "current state of the digital asset market"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "52ba05b1292b1be4bfaf1ee5cf56b14fea9c196d870603e794d7ee316df129bd",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'market-infrastructure'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}