# Measurement limitations

`kaal:entity:measurement-limitations`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `measurement-limitations`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2014 to 2016.

**2014**

- [2486570-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2486570-014) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Where coded categories such as cooperating, disclosure, and internal review fall well short of 100 percent of the sample, the shortfall may reflect a gap in what the agreements record rather than a real absence of those corporate actions, so the coded frequencies understate actual conduct.
  > there is a chance that we may be capturing a gap in what is recorded in the N/DPAs in the sample, rather than a real absence of these factors.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570

**2016**

- [2811718-013](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-013) [empirical/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The Form ADV analysis is limited because the term due diligence carries multiple possible meanings, so counts of the term cannot by themselves distinguish among those meanings.
  > The data analysis in Figures 1 and 2 is limited by multiple possible meanings of the term due diligence.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/measurement-limitations.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.