{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/member-liability",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:member-liability",
 "name": "Member liability",
 "termCode": "member-liability",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/member-liability.md",
 "sha256": "f8fbac83daf9b16dd149fd123ee0807edeac60ed27c799aae70df4e9c9053d5f",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2021",
    "2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3799320-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3799320-008",
   "text": "If DAO members do not formalize a legal structure for their entity, courts are very likely to impose one on them, which is a serious risk of DAO membership.",
   "abstract": "However, a very serious risk is associated with DAO membership in the sense that if the DAO members do not formalize a structure for their human-created entity, courts are very likely to impose one for the members of the DAO.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) of DAOs (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3799320",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "DAOs with no off-chain legal entity",
    "litigation reaching a court"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c3dff852f2d3f04718c829a24189309a7db4d92d84f6045d3d4f562d87c03e63",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3799320-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3799320-019",
   "text": "Under the legal wrapper concept individual DAO members are not liable and the third party knows exactly with whom she is interacting and where liabilities arise.",
   "abstract": "Using the legal wrapper concept, the individual DAO members would not be liable and the third party knows exactly with whom she is interacting and where liabilities arise.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) of DAOs (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3799320",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "DAO represented by a legal wrapper entity"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c3dff852f2d3f04718c829a24189309a7db4d92d84f6045d3d4f562d87c03e63",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5254152-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5254152-028",
   "text": "A DAO operating without a legal wrapper risks being deemed a partnership by estoppel in legal disputes, exposing its members to liability, as scored for Hop DAO with a regulatory compliance score of 1.",
   "abstract": "Lacking a legal wrapper, it is at risk of being deemed a partnership by estoppel in legal disputes (R: 1).",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, DAO Market Meta Analysis 2024 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5254152",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "DAOs with no legal entity or legal wrapper"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bb2052d809a4615f0f3e2526ba6416293c40d00260149ba4fe6f38addf052796",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'member-liability'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}