# Member liability

`kaal:entity:member-liability`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `member-liability`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 2 works, 2021 to 2024.

**2021**

- [3799320-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3799320-008) [predictive/argued] *(failure mode)* -- If DAO members do not formalize a legal structure for their entity, courts are very likely to impose one on them, which is a serious risk of DAO membership.
  > However, a very serious risk is associated with DAO membership in the sense that if the DAO members do not formalize a structure for their human-created entity, courts are very likely to impose one for the members of the DAO.
  Wulf A. Kaal, A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) of DAOs (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3799320
- [3799320-019](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3799320-019) [design/argued] -- Under the legal wrapper concept individual DAO members are not liable and the third party knows exactly with whom she is interacting and where liabilities arise.
  > Using the legal wrapper concept, the individual DAO members would not be liable and the third party knows exactly with whom she is interacting and where liabilities arise.
  Wulf A. Kaal, A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) of DAOs (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3799320

**2024**

- [5254152-028](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5254152-028) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- A DAO operating without a legal wrapper risks being deemed a partnership by estoppel in legal disputes, exposing its members to liability, as scored for Hop DAO with a regulatory compliance score of 1.
  > Lacking a legal wrapper, it is at risk of being deemed a partnership by estoppel in legal disputes (R: 1).
  Wulf A. Kaal, DAO Market Meta Analysis 2024 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5254152

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/member-liability.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.