{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/monitoring-costs",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:monitoring-costs",
 "name": "Monitoring costs",
 "termCode": "monitoring-costs",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/monitoring-costs.md",
 "sha256": "2f47a07edcd1fe61c3fcbec57413ec2009f0ccac5ab12dca8fa5deb12ba5c4c3",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3373393-003",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3373393-003",
   "text": "The core agency conflicts that emanate from the separation of ownership by shareholder principals and control by manager agents cannot be fully addressed by the existing theoretical and legal framework, because monitoring agents is inevitably costly and transaction costs abound.",
   "abstract": "However, the core agency conflicts emanating from the separation of ownership (shareholder principal) and control (manager agent) cannot be fully addressed by the existing theoretical and legal framework.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Solutions for Agency Problems in Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3373393",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "under the existing theoretical and legal framework for corporate governance"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "4d1424b9ba9aff8a61bc7a0dddd02cded93785e5843685dde76c07dcdb23961e",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3373393-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3373393-011",
   "text": "Agency costs are the sum of monitoring costs, bonding costs, and residual loss, and in the corporate context they can be seen as the lost share value resulting from diverging interests between shareholders and corporate managers.",
   "abstract": "As such, agency costs are the sum of monitoring costs, bonding costs, and residual loss.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Solutions for Agency Problems in Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3373393",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "4d1424b9ba9aff8a61bc7a0dddd02cded93785e5843685dde76c07dcdb23961e",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3949098-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3949098-018",
   "text": "Meaningful reputation in a business network removes the need for monitoring cost and lowers transaction costs by orders of magnitude.",
   "abstract": "Reputation removes the need for monitoring cost. It lowers transaction costs in orders of magnitude.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Reputation as Capital – How DAOs Upgrade Finance (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3949098",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "meaningful reputation exists in the business network"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "04297905564a6092b2db7640561f58fd374d3114c79527357bad09d11b909819",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'monitoring-costs'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}