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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:necessary-condition",
 "name": "Necessary condition",
 "termCode": "necessary-condition",
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 "author": {
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  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405401-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405401-013",
   "text": "The flexibility that human business requires will unlikely ever be attained in existing decentralized protocols unless a decentralized verification system is built into decentralized commerce.",
   "abstract": "flexibility in existing decentralized protocols will unlikely ever be attained unless a decentralized verification system is built into decentralized commerce.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Commerce – A Primer on Why Decentralized Reputation Verification Systems Are Needed (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3405401",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "condition",
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   "@type": "Claim",
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   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405401-025",
   "text": "Reputation is the key ingredient that enables commerce, and it is precisely the ingredient that makes truly decentralized solutions possible.",
   "abstract": "In as much as reputation enables truly decentralized solutions reputation is also the key ingredient that enables commerce.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Commerce – A Primer on Why Decentralized Reputation Verification Systems Are Needed (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3405401",
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-034",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-034",
   "text": "The flexibility that human business requires will unlikely ever be attained in existing decentralized protocols unless a decentralized verification system is built into decentralized commerce.",
   "abstract": "the needed flexibility in existing decentralized protocols will unlikely ever be attained unless a decentralized verification system is built into decentralized commerce.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
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   "text": "The feedback effects that make community governance of federated learning work will not materialize unless expert community members are selected coherently, making coherent expert selection a precondition of the mechanism rather than an optional refinement.",
   "abstract": "The key is to select the expert community members coherently to allow for the feedback effects for FL to materialize.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How AI Models are Optimized Through Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4855607",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "asserted",
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   "scope_conditions": [
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   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-016",
   "text": "Digital ownership under the Codex is control dependent: it requires direct or indirect control over the digital object, so ownership without any technical control is not recognised.",
   "abstract": "(3) Digital Ownership requires direct or indirect Control over the Digital Object.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
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 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'necessary-condition'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}