# Network security

`kaal:entity:network-security`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `network-security`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 4 works, 2017 to 2024.

**2017**

- [2959730-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-017) [mechanism/argued] -- Blockchain removes fraudulent transactions primarily through completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet, rather than through digital signatures alone, which only establish the identity and authenticity of the parties.
  > While blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730

**2020**

- [3652481-018](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3652481-018) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Bifurcation of nodes in a decentralized network through forking can cause significant economic loss, errors, confusion and bugs, including reemergence of the double spend problem that the pre fork network had already solved.
  > The bifurcation of nodes in a given decentralized network can lead to significant economic loss, errors, confusion, and bugs. For example, the bifurcation of network nodes can result in the reemergence of the double spend problem that the previous network had overcome.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Internal Governance and External Legal Design (2020). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3652481

**2021**

- [3782203-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782203-001) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Any set process or set of rules that can ever be designed will ultimately fail to secure a network for all time, so no static rule set can serve as the permanent foundation of a DAO.
  > A core precept for the creation of DAOs is the recognition that any set process or set of rules that can ever be designed will ultimately fail to secure a network for all time.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, A Technical Perspective on Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782203

**2024**

- [4900878-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900878-033) [mechanism/asserted] -- Distributing validation and execution across many nodes mitigates central point of failure risk and makes the network more resilient to attacks and disruptions, which is the security payoff of decentralization.
  > By distributing the validation and execution processes across numerous nodes, blockchain technology mitigates the risks associated with central points of failure and enhances the resilience of the network against attacks and disruptions.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and Tokenomics (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900878

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/network-security.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.