# Network topology

`kaal:entity:network-topology`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `network-topology`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2021 to 2024.

**2021**

- [3782191-024](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782191-024) [definitional/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The widely reproduced diagram contrasting centralized, decentralized, and distributed networks is a shallow and wrong answer to what decentralization means, because decentralized networks are always distributed while distributed networks may or may not be under centralized control, so distributed does not belong in the comparison.
  > Decentralized networks are always distributed; distributed networks may or may not be under centralized control. So "distributed" doesn't even belong in the same image.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191

**2024**

- [4941807-013](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4941807-013) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The rigid communication topology of federated learning, which requires constant coordination among numerous nodes, produces inefficiencies and does not adapt easily to dynamic network conditions or node failures.
  > Moreover, the rigid communication topology in FL, which typically requires constant coordination between numerous nodes, can lead to inefficiencies and does not easily adapt to dynamic network conditions or node failures.
  Wulf A. Kaal, AI Governance Via Web3 Reputation System (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4941807

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/network-topology.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.