{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/novel-crisis",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:novel-crisis",
 "name": "Novel crisis",
 "termCode": "novel-crisis",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": "derived"
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782191-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782191-027",
   "text": "The second flaw of centralization is that a hierarchy's own success and efficiency makes members dependent on it until the structure ossifies and becomes too inflexible to reorganize and respond effectively to a novel crisis.",
   "abstract": "Secondly, the very success and efficiency of a hierarchy leads its members to become dependent on it, relying unquestioningly on the institution's design.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "successful hierarchies facing novel crises rather than predictable tasks"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "b0bf0529c3cf69839879bc4da476714efee2717a4beb768bd5c859b810e6174e",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782191-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782191-028",
   "text": "Decentralized organizations outperform centralized ones precisely in the two circumstances where centralization fails: when choices multiply without bound and when novel crises arise.",
   "abstract": "Decentralized organizations thrive in both of these circumstances, when choices multiply without bound and when novel crises arise.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Preface to (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782191",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "unbounded choice environments",
    "novel crises"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "b0bf0529c3cf69839879bc4da476714efee2717a4beb768bd5c859b810e6174e",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'novel-crisis'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}