{
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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/numeraire",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:numeraire",
 "name": "Numeraire",
 "termCode": "numeraire",
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  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998033-022",
   "text": "Requiring data scientists to stake a cryptocurrency on their own predictions converts private confidence into a public signal, which enables the fund to select the optimal model and improve fund performance.",
   "abstract": "The staking process, in turn, enables Numerai to choose the optimal model and in the process improve the performance of its hedge fund.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "describes Numerai's use of the Numeraire token as a staking mechanism"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3409548-010",
   "text": "Requiring data scientists to stake a cryptocurrency on their own predictions is a workable remedy for overfitting, because the stake expresses confidence in live performance and lets the fund select the optimal model.",
   "abstract": "The staking process, in turn, enables Numerai to choose the optimal model and in the process improve the performance of its hedge fund.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Financial Technology and Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409548",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "crowdsourced modeling competition with a stakeable token"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "74227ab2656b06bfe4a29c942fc2ba26df9f476917e0a9f85ec038b8c3402c40",
   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5095633-037",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5095633-037",
   "text": "Numeraire's staking and prediction-based reputation mechanism, tuned to predictive accuracy, overlooks the ethical and contextual concerns that characterize AI dataset governance.",
   "abstract": "The narrow focus on predictive accuracy overlooks the broader ethical and contextual concerns that characterize AI governance.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Artificial Intelligence The Final Frontier (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5095633",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "diverse dataset tasks such as medical annotation and content moderation"
   ],
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 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'numeraire'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}