{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/organizational-decentralization",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:organizational-decentralization",
 "name": "Organizational decentralization",
 "termCode": "organizational-decentralization",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/organizational-decentralization.md",
 "sha256": "1fc01d8b0d5ee7fc652d90cf7aab73e76a6b2d9dcc8ef49c21087e46c7a879c3",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411897-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411897-005",
   "text": "General Electric's decentralization under Jack Welch worked because each business unit was made fully accountable through its own profit and loss statement and market price internal transactions, which removed inefficiencies and drove up market value.",
   "abstract": "Welch's method enabled each business unit to be run efficiently and profitably, while allowing unit heads significant flexibility and independence. GE's market value skyrocketed as a result of its decentralization of business units.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411897",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "pre and post internet era corporate reorganization",
    "no new technological innovation required"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "82f0aea026b3e3a526ec51bc073b3b864dc06cd9083ff9c54c550037045edaa9",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-011",
   "text": "Societal path dependencies toward hierarchy and top-down command and control impose significant obstacles on organizational decentralization, hindering the transition of power from governments and large hierarchical organizations to the edges.",
   "abstract": "Because of these societal path dependencies, organizational decentralization is subject to significant obstacles that hinder the transition of power from governments and large hierarchical organizations to the edges.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-012",
   "text": "Organizational decentralization can raise economic performance without new technology: Jack Welch's separation of GE business units, each with its own profit-and-loss statement and full accountability, allowed efficient and profitable operation and GE's market value skyrocketed as a result.",
   "abstract": "Welch's method enabled each business unit to be run efficiently and profitably, while allowing unit heads significant flexibility and independence. GE's market value skyrocketed as a result of its decentralization of business units.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "pre and post internet era corporate structures"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808852-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808852-015",
   "text": "Decentralized autonomous organizations epitomize organizational decentralization because the first DAO, built purely on code and smart contracts with no incorporation, physical address, or headquarters, entirely removed all traditional control mechanisms employed by principals in agency relationships.",
   "abstract": "Launched in May 2016, the first DAO was set up as an organization based purely on code and smart contracts. It did not have a conventional corporate structure, no incorporation, and had no physical address or headquarter.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "describes the first DAO launched in May 2016"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'organizational-decentralization'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}