{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/overstock",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:overstock",
 "name": "Overstock",
 "termCode": "overstock",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "name": "status",
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   "value": 5
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2019"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-005",
   "text": "Overstock.com issued the first SEC registered digital securities using blockchain technology, and because the issuer was a public company conducting a shelf registration, the offering functions as a working model of blockchain benefits and as a map of the U.S. regulatory gaps.",
   "abstract": "OSTK issued the first Securities and Exchange Commission (\"SEC\") registered \"digital securities\" that utilizes blockchain technology.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "U.S. registered public offering",
    "shelf registration structure"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-006",
   "text": "The defining legal difference between the Overstock offering and a traditional offering is that the purchaser had to hold the record directly as beneficial owner and could not delegate custody to the broker, so the securities were not held in street name.",
   "abstract": "The core difference between the OSTK offering and a traditional securities offering is that the purchaser of OSTK must hold the record directly and as beneficial owner of the securities could not delegate the authority to hold the securities to the broker",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Overstock Series A digital securities traded on the PRO ATS"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-010",
   "text": "Naked or out of the box short selling is possible only because settlement takes three days, so eliminating the window between trade and settlement on a blockchain eliminates that abuse.",
   "abstract": "This tactic is only possible because it takes three days to settle a trade. By eliminating the window between trade and settlement, the blockchain eliminates out-of- the-box shorting.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "multi-day settlement regimes such as T+3"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-018",
   "text": "Neither the Overstock offering nor the Linq based offerings were structured to support widespread ownership or trading through blockchain, and no major exchange or inter-dealer market permits or will foreseeably permit trading of blockchain issued securities.",
   "abstract": "no major exchange or inter- dealer market permits, or will permit in the foreseeable future, trading of securities issued through blockchain.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "U.S. exchanges and inter-dealer markets as of the time of writing"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411110-039",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411110-039",
   "text": "The Overstock structure fails to deliver investor privacy, because all existing broker-dealer customer agreements contain provisions allowing the broker-dealer to share the customer's identity, whereas ideally the individual's privacy would be contained.",
   "abstract": "For instance, all existing broker-dealer customer agreements included provisions which allows the broker-dealer to share the identity of the customer. Ideally, the privacy of the individual would be contained.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Blockchain-Based Securities Offerings (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411110",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "existing broker-dealer customer agreements"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "c7626eeb7642045b79f8745df1f7232a8fe8bc44a1f7e87b592850e35b392b50",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'overstock'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}