# Personal liability

`kaal:entity:personal-liability`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `personal-liability`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 2 works, 2010 to 2020.

**2010**

- [1558614-036](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-036) [design/evidenced] -- The German legislature enacted the VorstAG on the premise that managers who emphasize short term parameters lose sight of the corporation's long term benefit and are thereby incentivized to take irresponsible risks, and it accordingly required compensation reduction in a corporate crisis, a D&O deductible, and deferred payout of performance based pay.
  > "managers who emphasize short-term parameters in manage- ment lose sight of the long-term benefit of the corporation and are 185 incentivized to take irresponsible risks,"
  Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614

**2020**

- [3652481-013](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3652481-013) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- If DAO members do not formalize a structure for their human created entity, courts are very likely to impose one on them, which is a serious risk of DAO membership.
  > However, a very serious risk is associated with DAO membership in the sense that if the DAO members do not formalize a structure for their human-created entity, courts are very likely to impose one for the members of the DAO.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Internal Governance and External Legal Design (2020). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3652481
- [3652481-040](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3652481-040) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Without a legal wrapper, DAOs face potential regulatory enforcement actions and civil liability not only at the organization level but against individual participants.
  > Without a legal wrapper, DAOs face potential regulatory enforcement actions and civil liability, not only at the organization level but against individual participants.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Internal Governance and External Legal Design (2020). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3652481

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/personal-liability.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.