{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/pfiara",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:pfiara",
 "name": "Pfiara",
 "termCode": "pfiara",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/pfiara.md",
 "sha256": "38ffb9d1a36270ffa7673695e90ab5ba937dc0e8326722252da256ec42532bf2",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2012",
    "2017"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2150377-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2150377-007",
   "text": "Under the Private Fund Investment Advisers Registration Act, hedge funds with more than $150 million in assets under management must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC, making assets under management the operative trigger for the regime.",
   "abstract": "Under the PFIARA, hedge funds with more than $150 million assets under management (AUM) are required to register as investment advisers and have to disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.81",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2150377",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "advisers acting solely as advisers to private funds",
    "assets under management measured in the United States"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0b58bb409cac7674d78515f5374096f9a349de3bbd1983c990e0edc85a635a09",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2714974-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2714974-007",
   "text": "Under Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act, hedge funds with more than $150 million in assets under management must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.",
   "abstract": "Under PFIARA, hedge funds with more than $150 million AUM must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.",
   "citation": "Kaal and Oesterle, The History of Hedge Fund Regulation in the United States (2016). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2714974",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to advisers above the $150 million AUM threshold"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "7764601d3ed5bb056b58949e8411eff9dfb9855f143719062030c980c5fa801b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2748096-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2748096-026",
   "text": "Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act addresses alleged hedge fund systemic risk through an information strategy rather than a substantive one: it authorized the SEC to require registration and enhanced disclosure from private fund advisers and to facilitate data collection for assessing systemic risk.",
   "abstract": "The Dodd-Frank Act authorized the SEC to promulgate rules requiring registration and enhanced disclosure for private funds advisers, and facilitating data collection to assess hedge funds' systemic risk.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy A. Krause, Hedge Funds and Systemic Risk (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2748096",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "U.S. private fund advisers with more than $150 million AUM"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "8f30260f2c1db728b45c4f3b9b7c64358cf9d3217277bc3c63a910c32f87b508",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998097-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998097-011",
   "text": "Under PFIARA, private investment fund advisers with more than 150 million dollars of assets under management must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.",
   "abstract": "PFIARA mandates private investment fund adviser registration to increase record keeping and disclosure. Under PFIARA, private investment fund advisers with more than $150 million AUM must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.58",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Investment Fund Regulation - Theory and Empirical Evidence from 1998 to 2016 (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998097",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States",
    "Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0955054f49c7011d33c285579bb046e6b284e42755b10fd2546a728c202669d5",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'pfiara'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}