# Pfiara

`kaal:entity:pfiara`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `pfiara`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 4 works, 2012 to 2017.

**2012**

- [2150377-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2150377-007) [definitional/evidenced] -- Under the Private Fund Investment Advisers Registration Act, hedge funds with more than $150 million in assets under management must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC, making assets under management the operative trigger for the regime.
  > Under the PFIARA, hedge funds with more than $150 million assets under management (AUM) are required to register as investment advisers and have to disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.81
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2150377

**2016**

- [2714974-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2714974-007) [definitional/asserted] -- Under Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act, hedge funds with more than $150 million in assets under management must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.
  > Under PFIARA, hedge funds with more than $150 million AUM must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.
  Kaal and Oesterle, The History of Hedge Fund Regulation in the United States (2016). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2714974
- [2748096-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2748096-026) [design/asserted] -- Title IV of the Dodd-Frank Act addresses alleged hedge fund systemic risk through an information strategy rather than a substantive one: it authorized the SEC to require registration and enhanced disclosure from private fund advisers and to facilitate data collection for assessing systemic risk.
  > The Dodd-Frank Act authorized the SEC to promulgate rules requiring registration and enhanced disclosure for private funds advisers, and facilitating data collection to assess hedge funds' systemic risk.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy A. Krause, Hedge Funds and Systemic Risk (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2748096

**2017**

- [2998097-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998097-011) [definitional/asserted] -- Under PFIARA, private investment fund advisers with more than 150 million dollars of assets under management must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.
  > PFIARA mandates private investment fund adviser registration to increase record keeping and disclosure. Under PFIARA, private investment fund advisers with more than $150 million AUM must register as investment advisers and disclose information about their trades and portfolios to the SEC.58
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Investment Fund Regulation - Theory and Empirical Evidence from 1998 to 2016 (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998097

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/pfiara.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.