{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/platform-power",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:platform-power",
 "name": "Platform power",
 "termCode": "platform-power",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 5
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3709041-026",
   "text": "Regulating centralized technology conglomerates addresses only part of the problem, because even fully regulated conglomerates retain the power to set standards and norms for emerging technologies that government cannot effectively trace.",
   "abstract": "Even if fully regulated, centralized technology conglomerates still have the power to set standards and norms for emerging technologies that government cannot effectively trace.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041",
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
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   "source_pdf_sha256": "5216a7bca45a48e3bef11ec524936e66af737c0fd66271e9f6866dc20a4482cc",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782198-013",
   "text": "Because centralized owners control the platform software they control the market and can dictate prices, charging non transparent fees that adjust to real time supply and demand to maximize their own profit.",
   "abstract": "owners control this software and therefore control the market and can dictate prices. They don't charge transparent fees. They adjust to real-time information about supply and demand to maximize their profits.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "applies to platform businesses such as ride sharing where the owner sets the matching software"
   ],
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  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782201-005",
   "text": "Because algorithmic automation guides societal outcomes, it benefits some groups over others whether or not its owners and developers intentionally manipulate those outcomes, which makes centralized ownership and control of algorithmic automation an important societal issue.",
   "abstract": "Algorithmic automation guides societal outcomes and therefore it benefits some groups over others—whether or not its owners and developers intentionally manipulate these outcomes. Central- ized ownership and control of algorithmic automation is an important issue for soci- ety.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782201-006",
   "text": "Taken to the extreme, centralized control of algorithmic automation could negate human input in data systems where those systems are designed to ignore individual choice in favor of the goals of the platform owners.",
   "abstract": "Taken to the extreme, centralized control of algorithmic automation could negate human input in data systems if the systems are designed to ignore individual choice, in preference to the goals of the platforms' owners.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "only where systems are designed to prefer platform owners' goals over individual choice"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/6421319-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:6421319-015",
   "text": "The internet content case shows that when one form of scarcity disappears, economic power migrates to whoever controls the next binding constraint, which for internet content was the platform infrastructure for discovery and distribution rather than the content itself.",
   "abstract": "This last observation directly reinforces the binding-constraint analysis in Section II.D: when one form of scarcity disappears, economic power migrates to whoever controls the next binding constraint.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Collapse of Scarcity Economics (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6421319",
   "datePublished": "2026",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "generalized from platform intermediaries such as Google, Meta, and Amazon"
   ],
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  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'platform-power'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}